人教新目標(biāo) (Go for it) 版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)Unit 1 What’s the matter?Section B學(xué)案設(shè)計(jì)

這是一份人教新目標(biāo) (Go for it) 版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)Unit 1 What’s the matter?Section B學(xué)案設(shè)計(jì)，共8頁。學(xué)案主要包含了take，give，be，被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法，set，difficulty的用法等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.Section B & Self Check教材知識(shí)全解 講透知識(shí) 查漏補(bǔ)缺知識(shí)點(diǎn)一 take after的用法教材原文 I take after my mother.我長(zhǎng)得像我媽媽.take after 意為“(外貌或行為)像”.My daughter does not take after me at all.我女兒一點(diǎn)兒都不像我.拓展 常見的take短語有:take down寫下;拆除take off起飛;脫掉take out切除;獲得take away帶走take up 占用take in 吸收take over 接管take back 收回例1-You always help others. That's very nice of you.-I think I_________ my father; he likes helping others, too.A. take afterB. look afterC. look atD. run after解析 句意:--你總是幫助別人,你真好.-我想我像我爸爸,他也喜歡幫助別人.take after意為“(外貌或行為)像”;look after 意為“照顧”;look at意為“看”;run after意為“追趕”.由語境可知在樂于助人這方面和爸爸像,故A項(xiàng)符合題意.答案 A知識(shí)點(diǎn)二 give away的用法教材原文 I gave it away.我把它捐了出去.give away是固定搭配,意為“贈(zèng)送;捐贈(zèng)”.它的賓語有兩種情況:如果賓語是名詞該名詞可以位于give和away之間,也可以位于give away之后如果賓語是代詞該代詞只能位于give和away之間The old man gave away his money to Project Hope.＝The old man gave his money away to Project Hope.那位老人把他的錢捐給了希望工程.Lily had an old bike and she decided to give it away.莉莉有一輛舊的自行車,她決定把它捐出去.拓展 常見的“動(dòng)詞＋away”的短語有:throw away扔掉;丟棄go away 離開run away 逃跑put away 收起來get away 逃離give away 捐贈(zèng)stay away 遠(yuǎn)離pass away 逝世keep away離開;不接近take away帶走例2 (2020湖南長(zhǎng)沙長(zhǎng)郡雙語實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校月考)My mother_________ our old clothes to the charity every year.A. gives outB. gives awayC. gives up 解析 句意:我媽媽每年把我們的舊衣服捐贈(zèng)給慈善機(jī)構(gòu).give out“分發(fā)”;give away“捐贈(zèng)”;give up“放棄”.根據(jù)“our old clothes to the charity”可知此處應(yīng)是“捐贈(zèng)”,故選B.答案 B知識(shí)點(diǎn)三 be similar to的用法教材原文 I'm similar to her.我與她相像.be similar to表示“和······相似;和······類似”.similar作形容詞,意為“相似的;類似的”.Her dress is very similar to mine in color.她的連衣裙在顏色上和我的很相似.The two buildings are similar on the whole.從整體來看,這兩幢樓是相似的.例3(2020黑龍江佳木斯撫遠(yuǎn)四中期中)-Are you similar_________ your mother?-No. I take_________ my father.A. after; afterB. to; toC. to; after 解析take after 意為“(外貌或行為)像”;be similar to...意為“與······相似”,故答案選C.答案 C知識(shí)點(diǎn)四 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法教材原文 I'm sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.我確定你知道這個(gè)團(tuán)體是為了幫助像我一樣的殘疾人而設(shè)立的.此句運(yùn)用了一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài).一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是“was/were+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”.I wasn't invited to the party.我沒被邀請(qǐng)去參加那次聚會(huì).拓展 幾種不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+done般過去時(shí)was/were+done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are being+done一般將來時(shí)will be+doneam/is/are going to be+done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has been+doneEnglish is spoken in many parts of the world.世界上許多地方都說英語The classroom is being cleaned by the students.學(xué)生們正在打掃教室The paper will be finished soon.這篇論文不久就會(huì)被完成.More and more new factories have been built.越來越多的新工廠被建成了.一語巧記 從構(gòu)成方式上看,可以巧記為:被動(dòng)語態(tài)必有be done,時(shí)態(tài)都在be上轉(zhuǎn)換.例4(2020黑龍江哈爾濱中考)-What language_________ in Canada?-Both English and French.A. is spokenB. speaksC. is speaking 解析 考查被動(dòng)語態(tài).句意:-在加拿大說什么語言?-英語和法語.句子主語與謂語動(dòng)詞speak之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用被動(dòng)語態(tài),故答案選A.答案 A知識(shí)點(diǎn)五 set up的用法教材原文 I'm sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.我確定你知道這個(gè)團(tuán)體是為了幫助像我一樣的殘疾人而設(shè)立的.set up 意為“設(shè)立;建起”.The company was set up last year.這家公司是去年創(chuàng)辦的.例5(2020黑龍江齊齊哈爾三中期中)They_________ an organization to help the children in poor areas.A. put upB. set upC. took up 解析 句意:他們建立了一個(gè)幫助貧困地區(qū)孩子的組織.put up 意為“舉起;張貼”;set up 意為“設(shè)立;建立”;take up意為“占據(jù);開始從事”.根據(jù)an organization 可知B項(xiàng)符合題意.答案 B知識(shí)點(diǎn)六make it+adj.(+for sb.)+to do sth.教材原文 You helped to make it possible for me to have.有了你的幫助,我才有可能擁有Lucky.make it+adj.(+for sb.)+to do sth.意為“使(某人)做某事是······的”,其中it是形式賓語,真正的賓語是后面的不定式短語.類似這種用法的動(dòng)詞還有 think, find等.Spaceships make it possible to travel to the moon.宇宙飛船使去月球旅行成為可能.例6 (2020湖北襄陽二十中月考)Studying hard makes_________ possible for me to go to university.A. itB. thatC. it'sD. this解析 句意:努力學(xué)習(xí)使我上大學(xué)成為可能.make it possible for sb. to do sth.表示“使某人做某事成為可能”.故選A.答案 A知識(shí)點(diǎn)七 difficulty的用法教材原文Most people would never think about this, but many people have these difficulties.大多數(shù)人永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)考慮這個(gè),但很多人卻有這些困難.difficulty 作名詞,意為“困難;難題”,既可以作可數(shù)名詞,也可以作不可數(shù)名詞.常用詞組是have difficulty in doing st.,意為“做某事有困難”,其中介詞in可以省略.We must struggle with difficulties.我們必須和困難作斗爭(zhēng).I once asked him if he had difficulty (in) keeping five children in school.我曾經(jīng)問過他供五個(gè)孩子上學(xué)是否有困難.拓展 同根詞:difficult adj.困難的It's difficult to understand what she's talking about.聽懂她在講些什么很難.巧記The task was not difficult at all. We finished it without any difficulty.這個(gè)任務(wù)一點(diǎn)都不難.我們毫無困難地就完成了它.例7(2020安徽阜陽太和三校聯(lián)考)-I have great_________ in learning art. Could you help me?-Sure.A. interestB. timeC.joyD. difficulty解析 句意:-我學(xué)習(xí)美術(shù)有很大的困難.你能幫我嗎?-當(dāng)然可以.have difficulty(in)doing sth.意為“做某事有困難”,是固定搭配.答案 D知識(shí)點(diǎn)八 be excited about的用法教材原文 I love animals and I was excited about the idea of having a dog.我愛動(dòng)物,我對(duì)擁有一只狗的想法興奮不已.be excited about 是固定搭配,意為“因······而興奮不已”,其中excited作形容詞,意為“感到興奮的”.We were excited about the good news.我們因那則好消息而興奮不已拓展同根詞Excite  v.使激動(dòng);使興奮Excited  adj.激動(dòng)的;興奮的 常用來修飾人Exciting  adj.令人激動(dòng)的;令人興奮的 常用來修飾事或物Excitement  n.激動(dòng);興奮The news of the victory excited everybody.勝利的消息使每個(gè)人都興奮.He was excited to hear the news.他聽到那則消息感到很激動(dòng).The football match we watched last Sunday was very exciting.我們上個(gè)星期天看的足球賽很令人興奮.The children shouted in excitement.孩子們興奮地大聲喊叫.例8(2020吉林長(zhǎng)春農(nóng)安五中月考)He was_________ about that_________ news.A. exciting; excitedB. excited; excitingC. excited; excitedD. exciting; exciting解析 句意:他對(duì)那個(gè)激動(dòng)人心的消息感到興奮.exciting“令人激動(dòng)的”;excited“感到興奮的”.第一空修飾主語He,用excited,第二空修飾不可數(shù)名詞news,用exciting.故答案選B.答案 B 重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)全解 精講精解 精準(zhǔn)高效動(dòng)詞不定式的用法動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式是“to+動(dòng)詞原形”,否定結(jié)構(gòu)是“not to+動(dòng)詞原形”.動(dòng)詞不定式在句中不能作謂語,其形式不隨主語的人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)而變化.動(dòng)詞不定式的用法如下:1.動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能作主語To learn English well is very important.=It is very important to learn English well,學(xué)好英語很重要作表語My job is to look after patients.我的工作是照顧病人.作賓語We want to go swimming.我們想去游泳.續(xù)表作賓語補(bǔ)足語She invited me to go to a concert.她邀請(qǐng)我去聽音樂會(huì).作定語He has too many things to do.他有太多事要做.作狀語She got up very early to catch the early bus.她起得很早,為的是趕上早班公共汽車.2.“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式可以用在疑問詞what、how、when、where等之后,該結(jié)構(gòu)可作主語、賓語、表語等.How to get there is a problem.怎樣去那里是個(gè)問題.(作主語)I don't know what to say.我不知道說什么.(作賓語)The question is how to learn English well.問題是怎樣學(xué)好英語.(作表語)注意 當(dāng)“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語時(shí),通?？梢院唾e語從句進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換.They are talking about how to get there.＝They are talking about how they can get there.他們正在討論怎樣去那里.3.含動(dòng)詞不定式的常用搭配(1)有些動(dòng)詞只能跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語.此類動(dòng)詞有plan、hope、agree、decide等.We plan to go climbing.我們打算去爬山.My father agreed to take us to the museum.我爸爸同意帶我們?nèi)ゲ┪镳^.They decided to join the swimming club.他們決定加入游泳俱樂部.(2)有些動(dòng)詞后要跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語.此類搭配有:want sb,to do sth.想要某人做某事tell sb.to do sth.告訴某人做某事encourage sb.to do sth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事warn sh to do sth.警告某人做某事ask sb.to do sth請(qǐng)求某人做某事advise sb.to do sth建議某人做某事 單元語法全解 熟悉句型 把握差額could 表達(dá)建議在本單元中,我們學(xué)到了用could來表達(dá)建議的用法.此時(shí)could可以翻譯為“可以”,could用于表達(dá)建議時(shí)語氣較委婉,不是can的過去式.You could write him a letter.你可以給他寫一封信.You could help to clean the park.你可以幫助打掃公園.拓展 could還可以是can的過去式,可表示過去具備的能力.She couldn't dress herself until five.她直到五歲才會(huì)自己穿衣服. 易錯(cuò)易混全解 對(duì)比辨析 跳出陷阱1.repair,mend,fixrepair意為“修理”,修理的對(duì)象側(cè)重于因破損、毀壞或發(fā)生故障而不能正常使用的物體mend意為“修理”,修理的對(duì)象是一些瑣碎的物品.如粘貼的小用具、玩具、要縫補(bǔ)的衣物等fix意為“修理”,強(qiáng)調(diào)校準(zhǔn)、校正When I got home, my brother was repairing his radio.當(dāng)我到家的時(shí)候,我哥哥正在修理他的收音機(jī).My kite is broken. Can you mend it?我的風(fēng)箏壞了.你能修一下它嗎?He's outside fixing the brakes of the car.他正在外面修理汽車的剎車.2.alone, lonelyalone可以作形容詞,也可以作副詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)獨(dú)自一人,沒有同伴.作形容詞時(shí),在句中多用作表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語,不能作定語lonely只能作形容詞,意為“孤獨(dú)的;寂寞的”,帶有一定的感情色彩He is not alone at home.他不是一個(gè)人在家.(作表語)Leave him alone|別管他！(作賓語補(bǔ)足語)She lives alone,她一個(gè)人生活.I was alone, but I did not feel lonely,我獨(dú)自一人,但我不感到寂寞.3.Miss, Mrs., madamMiss意思是“小姐,女士”,是對(duì)未婚或不知姓名的年輕女子的稱呼Mrs.意思是“太太,夫人”,是對(duì)已婚婦女的稱呼.使用時(shí)常與丈夫的姓氏連用madam意為“夫人,女士”,與尊稱男士的用詞sir相對(duì),多用于對(duì)已婚或未婚婦女的禮貌稱呼(如店員對(duì)女顧客的稱呼),后面不加姓名This is Miss Lin. She is in Beijing now.這是林小姐,她現(xiàn)在在北京.Mrs. Wang is my good friend; we like going shopping together.王太太是我的好朋友,我們喜歡一起去購(gòu)物.Can I help you, madam?女士,需要幫忙嗎?4.bring, take, carry, fetchbring意為“帶來”,指把某人或某物從別的地方帶到說話人處take意為“帶走”,即把某人或某物從說話人處帶到別的地方去,是bring的反義詞carry一般指“隨身攜帶”,此外還可用于汽車、火車等交通工具,此時(shí)表示“運(yùn)載”fetch意為“去取來”,口語中通常用get,表示“去某地取某物,然后再回來”,是一個(gè)雙向的動(dòng)作Why don't you bring your girlfriend to the party?你為什么不帶你的女友來參加聚會(huì)?Please take these books to the library for me.請(qǐng)給我把這些書帶到圖書館去.He always carries a pocket dictionary with him.他總是隨身攜帶一本袖珍字典.The bus carried me to the park yesterday.昨天公共汽車把我拉到了公園.Please go to the kitchen and fetch me a cup of tea.請(qǐng)去廚房給我取一杯茶.