選擇性必修 第二冊Unit 6 Survival精品隨堂練習(xí)題

這是一份選擇性必修 第二冊Unit 6 Survival精品隨堂練習(xí)題，共15頁。試卷主要包含了91 and 1， A等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
Using language
Ⅰ.單句填空
1.He returned t his hmetwn as sn as the pandemic (break) ut.

2. (infrm) f a number f fd safety cases,cnsumers becme mre careful in rdering meals.
3.Hw d peple (react) t the news that the girl wins the gld medal in the Olympic Games?
4.The future f human life depends n hw we (respnd) t the risks f climate change.
5.Always get rid yur bad habit whenever it’s pssible.
6.T make matters wrse,Mth (diagnse)with a serius disease.
7.I I wuld invite her (take) part in the party if she was free.


Ⅱ.短語填空
be determined t;respnd t;cpe with;prevent frm;be crwded with;react t
1.I take part in the Speech Cntest when I gt the ntice.
2.Thugh I was tired ut that evening,I falling asleep by the great pain in my ft.
3.Many yungsters felt their friendships culd be at risk if they scial media psts quickly.
4.We wnder hw he the shcking news at that time.
5.The stadium fans frm arund the wrld.
6.He fund it difficult the prblems when he entered the university.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.在某種程度上,我們可以將造紙術(shù)和印刷術(shù)的發(fā)明與20世紀(jì)早期互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的引入相媲美。
In a way,we can cmpare the inventin f paper and printing with the intrductin f the Internet .
2.有一些健康問題,如果不及時(shí)治療,以后會釀成大問題。
There are sme health prblems that,if nt ,can becme bigger nes later n.
3.這名球員接受了兩年的治療,他很有可能在下一場比賽中及時(shí)從傷病中恢復(fù)過來。
The player was under and the chances are that he will recver frm his injury in time fr the next race.
4.為了以后有個(gè)更好的家園,應(yīng)該控制人口增長。
The grwth f ppulatin shuld s that we’ll have a better hmetwn in the future.
5.這是這位年輕的歌手自成名以來第一次在他的家鄉(xiāng)表演。
This is the first time that the yung singer has perfrmed in his hmetwn since his fame.
IV.閱讀理解
A
A recent study published in the jurnal Science Advances has revealed that the United States ranks as high as third amng cuntries cntributing t castal plastic pllutin. The new research challenges the nce-held assumptin that the US is adequately "managing" its plastic waste. A previus study using 2010 data that did nt accunt fr plastic waste exprts had ranked the US 20th, glbally, in its cntributin t cean plastic pllutin.
Using plastic waste generatin (產(chǎn)生) data frm 2016 — the latest available glbal numbers — scientists calculated that mre than half f all plastics cllected fr recycling (1.99 millin tns f 3.91 millin tns cllected) in the US were shipped abrad. Of this, 88% f exprts went t cuntries struggling t effectively manage plastics; and between 15-25% was lw-value r cntaminated (受污染的). It means it was unrecyclable. Taking these factrs int accunt, the researchers estimated that up t 1 millin tns f US-generated plastic waste ended up plluting the envirnment beynd its wn brders.
Using 2016 data, the paper als estimated that between 0.91 and 1.25 millin tns f plastic waste generated in the US was either littered r illegally dumped int the envirnment dmestically. Cmbined with waste exprts, this means the US cntributed up t 2.25 millin tns f plastics int the envirnment. Of this, up t 1.5 millin tns f plastics ended up in castal envirnments. This ranks the US as high as third glbally in cntributing t castal plastic pllutin.
"The US generates the mst plastic waste f any ther cuntry in the wrld, but rather than lking the prblem in the eye, we have utsurced it t develping cuntries," said Nick Malls, senir directr f Ocean Cnservancy's Trash Free Seas prgram and a c-authr f the study. "The slutin has t start at hme. We need t create less, by cutting ut unnecessary single-use plastics; we need t create better, by develping innvative new ways t package and deliver gds; and where plastics are inevitable, we need t greatly imprve ur recycling rates."
"Previus research has prvided glbal values fr plastic input int the envirnment and castal areas, but detailed analyses like this ne are imprtant fr individual cuntries t further assess their cntributins," said Dr. Jenna Jambeck, Distinguished Prfessr at the University f Gergia's Cllege f Engineering and a c-authr f the study. "In the case f the United States, it is critically imprtant that we examine ur wn backyard and take respnsibility fr ur glbal plastic ftprint."
1.Cmpared with the previus study, the new ne _____.
A.cvers data mre cmprehensively
B.excludes plastic waste shipped abrad
C.is cntrary t the latest glbal numbers
D.challenges the recycling way f plastics
2.Accrding t 2016 data, what can be learned abut the plastic waste generated in the US?
A.Over half f it ended up plluting the envirnment utside the US.
B.Mst f its exprted plastic waste wasn't wrth recycling.
C.Less than half f it was actually recycled dmestically.
D.Mre f it is littered r illegally dumped than exprted.
3.It is implied by Nick Malls that _____.
A.plastic pllutin in develping cuntries is mre serius
B.US has been irrespnsible in dealing with its plastic waste
C.US shuld cperate with thers t handle its plastic waste
D.innvative means are needed t eliminate single-use plastics
4.Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A.Plastic Pllutin Great Risk t Marine Life
B.US Tp Cntributr t Castal Plastic Pllutin
C.Plastic Waste Majr Surce f Castal Pllutin
D.Recycling Effective Way t Address Plastic Waste
B
17-year-ld Dasia Taylr was named ne f 40 finalists in the Regenern Science Talent Search (STS), the natin's mst famus Science and math cmpetitin fr high schl senirs.
Dasia's sutures (縫合線) wrk by changing clr if the patients' pH level changes, indicating an infectin. pH is ne f the mst cmmn parts f wund healing, Dasia said. It changes very quickly, s it's ne f the fastest ways t recgnize infectin.
S, she started experimenting with rt vegetables. "I fund that beet changed clr at the perfect pH pint," says Taylr. "That's perfect fr an infected wund. And s, I was like, 'Oh, kay. S beet is where it's at'." Beet prvided the perfect dye fr her inventin, changing frm bright red t dark purple when a surgical wund becmes infected. After mre than a year f research, Taylr is wrking n getting her sutures patented.
She imagines these sutures being used in develping cuntries where they can save lives and mney. "The gal f my prject is t reduce the number f deadly surgical site infectins in develping cuntries because develping cuntries suffer frm the mst number f deaths due t surgical site infectins," she said. "I was like there is n way that that shuld be happening. The equity part f my brain and all the wrk that I d arund equity was like 'That shuldn't be happening. They shuld have the resurces t save their citizens in their cuntry.' S, my gal is t wrk n that and make sure that it can actually discver thse types f infectins and stuff." After graduatin, Dasia hpes t attend Hward University, study plitical science and finally becme a lawyer.
1.Hw can a patient quickly knw if a wund is infected?
A.By bserving the pH test paper.
B.Thrugh the dctrs' examinatin.
C.By lking at sutures' clr changing.
D.By bserving hw the wund changes.
2.What did Dasia discver in her experiment?
A.Beet has the same pH level.
B.Beet can change clr at different times.
C.Beet therapy is gd fr wund healing.
D.Beet can be used t help her with the inventin.
3.What can we learn abut Dasia?
A.She has wn the inventin patent.
B.She became the winner f the Regenern STS.
C.She made cntributins t surgical infectin recgnitin.
D.She helped save lts f lives and mney in develping cuntries.
4.What will Dasia's future career prbably invlve?
A.Medical and health wrk.
B.Medical device develpment.
C.Smething abut the legal aid.
D.Medical and science research.
C
Vegetarian fds are nt equally healthy accrding t a new research at ESC Cngress 2020. Dr. Matina said, "This finding was mre clear in wmen. A recent research has shwn that wmen tend t eat mre plant-based fds and less animal-based prducts than men. But ur study suggests this des nt ensure healthier fd chices and in turn better health cnditin.
Mst studies see plant-based diets simply as "vegetarian" r "lw in meat", thus treating all plant fds as equal. Hwever, this study examined the type f plant-based fds eaten, in additin t the verall amunt. Healthy plant-based prducts were made up f fruits, vegetables and cffee while unhealthy plant-based prducts included juices, ptates and any kind f sweets.
The study examined the link between the quantity (數(shù)量) and quality fplant-based fds and heart health ver a 10-year perid. In 2011, the study selected 146 fat adults living in Athens with nrmal bld pressure and bld sugar. Diet was studied using a questinnaire abut usual habits in the year. It listed 156 fds and drinks cmmnly had in Greece. Within ten years, nearly half f these fat participants develped high bld pressure and high bld sugar, thugh mst f them preferred plant-based fds. The rest wh ate quality plant- based fds, hwever, didn't have these health prblems.
Regarding (關(guān)于) the quality f plant-based fds, healthier chices were linked with keeping nrmal bld pressure and bld sugar. On the cntrary, eating unhealthy plant-based fds was cnnected with develping high bld pressure and high bld sugar. These relatinships were strnger in wmen cmpared t men.
1.What did Dr. Matina say abut the study?
A.Vegetarian fds are unhealthy.
B.Men tend t chse healthier fds.
C.Nt all plant-based fds can keep yu fit.
D.Wmen tend t eat less plant-based fds.
2.What d we knw abut the participants (參與者) in this study?
A.Mst f them living in Greece ate fatty fds.
B.They all had lw bld pressure and bld sugar.
C.Abut half f them made healthier fd chices.
D.Men were mre likely t becme wrse in health cnditin.
3.What is the result f eating quality plant-based fds?
A.It can help keep gd health.
B.It has nthing t d with health.
C.It nly benefits wmen's health.
D.It can make wmen strnger than men.
4.Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A.A Balanced Diet Is Gd fr Yur Health
B.Are All Vegetarian Diets Healthy?
C.Plant-based Fds r Animal-based Prducts?
D.The Mre Vegetarian Fds Yu Eat, the Healthier Yu Are
V. 任務(wù)型閱讀
A pwerful magnitude 7. 1 temblr rcked Suthern Califrnia at 8:19 PT n July 5, 2019, just 34 hurs after a magnitude 6. 4 earthquake hit the same area. This latest event was widely felt. 41. Aftershcks are expected t cntinue.
Earthquakes are als called temblrs. 42. It's hard t imagine they happen by the thusands every day arund the wrld, usually in the frm f small tremrs. Sme 80% f all the planet' s earthquakes happen alng the rim (邊緣) f the Pacific Ocean. 43. That is because f a lt f vlcanic activity there, as well.
Scientists give a magnitude rating t earthquakes based n the strength and duratin f their seismic (地震的) waves. A magnitude f 3 t 4. 9 is cnsidered minr r light; 5 t 6. 9 is mderate (中等的) t strng; 7 t 7. 9 is majr; and 8 r mre is great.
44. Sme 10, 000 peple die in earthquakes every year. Earthquakes may als lead t ther natural disasters. Smaller temblrs that usually happen in the days fllwing a large earthquake can cause further death and damage. 45.
A. It is called the "Ring f Fire".
B. They can cause huge damage.
C. Prtect yurself as quickly as pssible.
D. In fact, a magnitude 8 quake strikes smewhere every year.
E. Lss f life can be avided thrugh planning and educatin.
F. One imprtant way is t try t make yur hme as safe as pssible.
G. It caused several fires and damage t buildings and rads in Ridgecrest and nearby.
VI.完形填空，閱讀下面短文, 從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
TrackersnIce
Just because a scientist puts a GPS tracking cllar n a wild plar bear des nt mean the animal will bligingly keep it n. 71 , these huge cllars are purpsefully lse. If ne becmes annying, a bear can 72 it. But scientists have nw fund a way t use 73 frm the discarded(丟棄的)devices.
"These drpped cllars 74 wuld have been cnsidered garbage data," says Natasha Klappstein, a plar bear researcher at the University f Alberta. She and her clleagues instead used 75 frm such cllars, left n sea ice in Canada's Hudsn Bay, t track the ice itself. Fr their study, published in June in The Crysphere, the researchers identified twenty cllars that transmitted mvement data in line with ice drift rather than plar bear 76 between 2005 and 2015. The resulting recrds f hw melting ice typically drifts in Hudsn Bay are unique. There are n easily 77 n-the-grund sensrs, and satellite bservatins ften cannt accurately capture the mtin f small ice sheets.
The team 78 the discarded cllars' mvements with widely used ice-drift mdeling data frm the U. S. Natinal Snw and Ice Data Center(NSIDC). Cllar data indicated that the NSIDC mdel underestimates the speed at which ice mves arund in Hudsn Bay-as well as the verall 79 f drift. Over the curse f several mnths, the mdel culd drift away frm an ice sheet's lcatin by a few hundred kilmeters, the researchers say.
This means the bears may be wrking harder, when mving against the directin f the ice, than scientists had 80 : "Since we're underestimating the speed f drift, we're likely underestimating the energetic effrt f plar bears, "says Natasha Klappstein. The research reveals 81 insight int hw highly mbile ice mves. As melting increases in the cming years, such ice will likely becme mre 82 farther nrth, in the central Artic. Scientists had knwn NSIDC data culd underestimate drift speeds, but "any time we can find a data 83 , it is a gd thing."
Plus, such data culd imprve predictins abut hw il spills r ther pllutants may 84 in seas, littered with drifting ice, says Walt Meier, a senir NSIDC research scientist, wh was nt invlved in the study. The findings may even 85 future NSIDC mdels: "It's a really nice data set, "Meier says. "And certainly ne we'll take under cnsideratin. "
VII. 語法填空
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
New research says that expsing t the smell f junk fd fr at least tw minutes can actually help yu make111. (healthy) fd chices.
The results f a series f experiments, including field112. (study) at a supermarket and at a middle schl cafeteria， shw that extended expsure t junk fd smell113. (lead) t lwer purchases f unhealthy fds114. (cmpare) with healthy smell. The brain desn't necessarily distinguish115. a pleasurable smell and taste. That is116. lng expsure t junk fd smell can be as satisfactry as actually having it in yur muth,117. in turn decreases the desire fr cnsumptin f junk fd.
Hwever, it's nt the same case with smell f healthy fd. When the expsure t smell f healthy fd118. (examine), fd chices were nt119. (prfund) influenced. The reasn fr this is that healthy fd is nt cnnected with reward in ur brain and therefre has little influence n120. we desire.







答案解析
71. A. In fact
B. In away
C. In additin
D. In the end
72. A. destry
B. remve
C. resist
D. reject
73. A. scratches
B. senses
C. samples
D. signals
74. A. particularly
B. relevantly
C. intentinally
D. ptentially
75. A. estimates
B. subjects
C. measurements
D. patents
76. A. behavir
B. habitat
C. manner
D. mtin
77. A. flexible
B. favrable
C. accessible
D. changeable
78. A. verladed
B. cmpared
C. exchanged
D. traced
79. A. extent
B. damage
C. trend
D. limit
80. A. agreed
B. prmised
C. prved
D. assumed
81. A. valueless
B. superir
C. entire
D. timely
82. A. evident
B. unique
C. cmmn
D. realistic
83. A. gap
B. scan
C. bm
D. fit
84. A. rise
B. spread
C. recver
D. settle
85. A. reverse
B. resemble
C. influence
D. mtivate
I
brke
Infrmed
react
respnd
f
was diagnsed
t take

II
was determined t
was prevented frm
did nt respnd t
reacted t
was crwded with
t cpe with
III
early in the 20th century
treated in time
tw-year treatment
be brught under cntrl
rise t
IV
【答案】 ACBB
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了最近發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，在造成沿海塑料污染的國家中，美國排名第三，并對相關(guān)情況進(jìn)行介紹。
【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。
1.考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“A previus study using 2010 data that did nt accunt fr plastic waste exprts had ranked the US 20th, glbally, in its cntributin t cean plastic pllutin.”此前的一項(xiàng)研究使用了2010年的數(shù)據(jù)，但未考慮塑料垃圾出口，將美國對海洋塑料污染的貢獻(xiàn)排在全球第20位?？赏瞥?，比起先前的研究，新的研究數(shù)據(jù)更加全面，故選A。
2.考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Using plastic waste generatin (產(chǎn)生) data frm 2016 — the latest available glbal numbers — scientists calculated that mre than half f all plastics cllected fr recycling (1.99 millin tns f 3.91 millin tns cllected) in the US were shipped abrad.”利用2016年的塑料垃圾產(chǎn)生數(shù)據(jù)(全球可獲得的最新數(shù)據(jù))，科學(xué)家們計(jì)算出，在美國收集的用于回收的塑料中，有一半以上(391萬噸中有199萬噸)被運(yùn)往海外?？赏浦挥胁坏揭话氲睦趪鴥?nèi)被回收。故選C。
3.考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“‘The US generates the mst plastic waste f any ther cuntry in the wrld, but rather than lking the prblem in the eye, we have utsurced it t develping cuntries,’ said Nick Malls”海洋保護(hù)協(xié)會無垃圾海洋項(xiàng)目高級主任、該研究報(bào)告的合著者尼克?馬洛斯說:“美國產(chǎn)生的塑料垃圾比世界上任何其他國家都多，但我們沒有正視這個(gè)問題，而是把它外包給了發(fā)展中國家。”可推知，美國在處理塑料垃圾方面一直很不負(fù)責(zé)任。故選B。
4.考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“A recent study published in the jurnal Science Advances has revealed that the United States ranks as high as third amng cuntries cntributing t castal plastic pllutin.”最近發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，在造成沿海塑料污染的國家中，美國排名第三； 以及最后一段中的“In the case f the United States, it is critically imprtant that we examine ur wn backyard and take respnsibility fr ur glbal plastic ftprint.”就美國而言，至關(guān)重要的是我們要檢查自己的后院，并對我們的全球塑料足跡負(fù)責(zé)。可知本文是在介紹美國是沿海塑料垃圾頭號罪魁禍?zhǔn)?，“美國沿海塑料污染的頭號貢獻(xiàn)者”為最合適的標(biāo)題。故選B。
B
【答案】 CDCC
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了17歲的高中生泰勒Dasia發(fā)現(xiàn)通過觀察縫線顏色的變化，很快就可以知道病人傷口是否感染，為外科感染識別做出了貢獻(xiàn)。
【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。
1.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Dasia’s sutures (縫合線) wrk by changing clr if the patients’ pH level changes, indicating an infectin.”如果患者的pH值發(fā)生變化，達(dá)西婭的縫合線就會改變顏色，表明感染?？芍ㄟ^觀察縫線顏色的變化病人很快就知道傷口是否感染了。故選C。
2.考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“ Beet prvided the perfect dye fr her inventin, changing frm bright red t dark purple when a surgical wund becmes infected. ”甜菜為她的發(fā)明提供了完美的染料，當(dāng)手術(shù)傷口感染時(shí)，甜菜會從亮紅色變成深紫色?？芍_(dá)西婭在實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)甜菜可以幫助她完成這項(xiàng)發(fā)明。故選D。
3.考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“The gal f my prject is t reduce the number f deadly surgical site infectins in develping cuntries because develping cuntries suffer frm the mst number f deaths due t surgical site infectins.”我這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)是減少發(fā)展中國家致命手術(shù)部位感染的數(shù)量，因?yàn)榘l(fā)展中國家因手術(shù)部位感染而死亡的人數(shù)最多；以及“They shuld have the resurces t save their citizens in their cuntry.’ S, my gal is t wrk n that and make sure that it can actually discver thse types f infectins and stuff.”他們應(yīng)該有資源來拯救自己國家的公民。所以，我的目標(biāo)是研究它，確保它可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這些類型的感染和東西?？芍_(dá)西婭為外科感染識別做出了貢獻(xiàn)。故選C。
4.考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“After graduatin, Dasia hpes t attend Hward University, study plitical science and finally becme a lawyer.”畢業(yè)后，Dasia希望進(jìn)入霍華德大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)政治學(xué)，最終成為一名律師?？芍_(dá)西婭未來的職業(yè)生涯可能會涉及法律援助。故選C。
C【答案】 CCAB
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了研究表明不是所有的素食都是健康的。
【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。
1.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“A recent research has shwn that wmen tend t eat mre plant-based fds and less animal-based prducts than men. But ur study suggests this des nt ensure healthier fd chices and in turn better health cnditin.”最近的一項(xiàng)研究表明，與男性相比，女性傾向于吃更多的植物性食品，而更少的動物性產(chǎn)品。但我們的硏究表明，這并不能確保人們選擇更健康的食物，從而獲得更好的健康狀況?？芍?，并不是所有的植物性食物都能讓你保持健康。故選C。
2.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Within ten years, nearly half f these fat participants develped high bld pressure and high bld sugar, thugh mst f them preferred plant-based fds.”在10年內(nèi)，這些肥胖參與者中有近一半患上了高血壓和高血糖，盡管他們中的大多數(shù)人更喜歡植物性食物?？芍?，這項(xiàng)研究的參與者其中大約一半的人選擇了更健康的食物。故選C。
3.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Regarding the quality f plant-based fds, healthier chices were linked with keeping nrmal bld pressure and bld sugar.”關(guān)于植物性食品的質(zhì)量，健康的選擇與保持正常的血壓和血糖有關(guān)?？芍?，吃高質(zhì)量的植物性食物可以幫助保持健康。故選A。
4.考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Vegetarian fds are nt equally healthy, accrding t a new research at ESC Cngress2020.”根據(jù)ESC 2020大會上的一項(xiàng)新研究，素食并不同樣健康。及全文內(nèi)容可知，研究表明，不是所有的素食都是健康的?！八械乃厥扯际墙】档膯?？”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選B。
V
【答案】 G；B；A；D；E
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，以2019年發(fā)生在加利福尼亞州的地震為例介紹了地震的相關(guān)知識。
【點(diǎn)評】考查七選五，本文是一篇生活類閱讀，要求在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，著重考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。
VI 【答案】 71.A；72.B；73.D；74.D；75.C；76.D；77.C；78.B；79.A；80.D；81.D；82.C；83.A；84.B；85.C；
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了廢棄的追蹤項(xiàng)圈可用于追蹤冰層移動，并對未來的NSIDC模型可能產(chǎn)生一定的影響。
【點(diǎn)評】考查完形填空，本題考點(diǎn)涉及動詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，固定短語等多個(gè)知識點(diǎn)的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而選出正確答案。
71.句意：事實(shí)上，這些巨大的項(xiàng)圈是故意松松的。A： In fact“事實(shí)上”；B： In a way“在某種程度上”；C：In additin“另外”；D： In the end“最后”。根據(jù)下文“these huge cllars are purpsefully lse．”可知，這些巨大的項(xiàng)圈是故意松松的。這是個(gè)事實(shí)。故選A。
72.句意：如果項(xiàng)圈變得煩人，熊可以把它移除。A：destry“破壞”；B：remve“移除”；C：resist“抵抗”；D：reject “拒絕”。根據(jù)上文“ 1 , these huge cllars are purpsefully lse．”可知，追蹤項(xiàng)圈的設(shè)計(jì)很容易被拿下來。故選B。
73.句意：但科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)找到了一種利用廢棄設(shè)備發(fā)出的信號的方法。A：scratches“抓痕”；B：senses“感官”；C：samples“樣本”；D：signals “信號”。根據(jù)上文“Just because a scientist puts a GPS tracking cllar n a wild plar bear des nt mean the animal will bligingly keep it n．”可知，項(xiàng)圈是可以發(fā)送信號的。故選D。
74.句意：“這些掉下來的項(xiàng)圈可能會被認(rèn)為是垃圾數(shù)據(jù)，”University f Alberta的北極熊研究員Natasha Klappstein說。A：particularly“特別”；B：relevantly“有關(guān)聯(lián)地”；C：intentinally“有意地”；D：ptentially “可能地”。根據(jù)上文“But scientists have nw fund a way t use 3 frm the discarded（丟棄的）devices．”可推測，這些掉下來的項(xiàng)圈可能會被認(rèn)為是垃圾數(shù)據(jù)。故選D。
75.句意：她和她的同事們轉(zhuǎn)而使用這些項(xiàng)圈的測量數(shù)據(jù)，這些項(xiàng)圈被留在加拿大哈德遜灣的海冰上，用來追蹤冰。A：estimates“估價(jià)”；B：subjects“科目”；C：measurements“測量”；D：patents “專利”。根據(jù)下文“Fr their study, published in June in The Crysphere, the researchers identified twenty cllars that transmitted mvement data in line with ice drift rather than plar bear 6 between 2005 and 2015．”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)組通過項(xiàng)圈的測量，發(fā)現(xiàn)冰層的漂移狀況。所以她和她的同事們轉(zhuǎn)而使用這些項(xiàng)圈的測量數(shù)據(jù)。故選C。
76.句意：在6月發(fā)表在《冰凍圈》(The Crysphere)雜志上的研究中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了20個(gè)項(xiàng)圈，它們在2005年至2015年間傳輸?shù)倪\(yùn)動數(shù)據(jù)與冰層漂移一致，而不是與北極熊運(yùn)動一致。A：behavir“行為”；B：habitat“棲息地”；C：manner“舉止”；D：mtin “運(yùn)動”。根據(jù)空前“transmitted mvement data”可知，它們在2005年至2015年間傳輸?shù)倪\(yùn)動數(shù)據(jù)與冰層漂移一致，而不是與北極熊運(yùn)動一致。故選D。
77.句意：沒有可使用的地面?zhèn)鞲衅鳎l(wèi)星觀測往往不能準(zhǔn)確捕捉小冰原的運(yùn)動。A：flexible“靈活的”；B：favrable“喜愛的”；C：accessible“可使用的”；D：changeable “易變的”。根據(jù)空后“satellite bservatins ften cannt accurately capture the mtin f small ice sheets”可知，衛(wèi)星不能準(zhǔn)確捕捉冰原運(yùn)動與沒有易得到的地面?zhèn)鞲衅饔嘘P(guān)。故選C。
78.句意：研究小組將廢棄項(xiàng)圈的運(yùn)動與美國冰雪數(shù)據(jù)中心(NSIDC)廣泛使用的冰層漂移建模數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了比較。A：verladed“使超載”；B：cmpared“比較”；C：exchanged“交換”；D：traced “追蹤”。根據(jù)下文“Cllar data indicated that the NSIDC mdel underestimates the speed at which ice mves arund in Hudsn Bay-as well as the verall 9 f drift．”可知，研究小組將NSIDC模型于廢棄項(xiàng)圈運(yùn)動進(jìn)行了比較。故選B。
79.句意：項(xiàng)圈數(shù)據(jù)表明，NSIDC模型低估了哈德遜灣冰的移動速度以及漂流的總體范圍。A：extent“范圍”；B：damage“損害”；C：trend“趨勢”；D：limit “限制”。根據(jù)下文“Over the curse f several mnths, the mdel culd drift away frm an ice sheet's lcatin by a few hundred kilmeters, the researchers say．”可知，哈德遜灣冰漂流的范圍很廣，所以NSIDC模型低估了哈德遜灣冰的移動速度以及漂流的總體范圍。故選A。
80.句意：這意味著北極熊在向冰面移動時(shí)可能比科學(xué)家們想象的更努力：“由于我們低估了漂移的速度，我們很可能低估了北極熊的能量，”娜塔莎?克拉普斯坦說。A：agreed“同意”；B：prmised“保證”；C：prved“證明”；D：assumed “設(shè)想”。根據(jù)空后“we're likely underestimating the energetic effrt f plar bears”可知，這意味著北極熊在向冰面移動時(shí)可能比科學(xué)家們想象的更努力。故選D。
81.句意：這項(xiàng)研究及時(shí)揭示了冰的移動速度。A：valueless“無價(jià)值的”；B：superir“上層的”；C：entire“全部的”；D：timely “及時(shí)的”。根據(jù)下文“any time we can find a data 13 , it is a gd thing．”可知，這項(xiàng)研究及時(shí)揭示了冰的移動速度。故選D。
82.句意：隨著未來幾年融化的增加，這樣的冰可能會在更北的北極中部變得更加常見。A：evident“明白的”；B：unique“獨(dú)特的”；C：cmmn“常見的”；D：realistic “現(xiàn)實(shí)的”。根據(jù)上文“The resulting recrds f hw melting ice typically drifts in Hudsn Bay are unique．”可知，廢棄項(xiàng)圈的數(shù)據(jù)是針對融化冰的運(yùn)動，未來融化冰增多有類似數(shù)據(jù)的冰漂移也更常見。故選C。
83.句意：科學(xué)家們知道NSIDC的數(shù)據(jù)可能會低估漂移速度，但“任何時(shí)候我們都可以發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)缺口，這是一件好事?！盇：gap“缺口”；B：scan“掃描”；C：bm“繁榮”；D：fit “適合”。根據(jù)上文“Cllar data indicated that the NSIDC mdel underestimates the speed at which ice mves arund in Hudsn Bay-as well as the verall 9 f drift．”可知，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了NSIDC模型與實(shí)際的數(shù)據(jù)差距，發(fā)現(xiàn)了數(shù)據(jù)的缺口。故選A。
84.句意：此外，這些數(shù)據(jù)可以改善對石油泄漏或其他污染物如何在海洋中擴(kuò)散的預(yù)測。A：rise“上升”；B：spread“擴(kuò)散”；C：recver“恢復(fù)”；D：settle “解決”。根據(jù)空前“hw il spills”可知，這些數(shù)據(jù)可以改善對于污染物在海洋中的擴(kuò)散情況。故選B。
85.句意：這些發(fā)現(xiàn)甚至可能影響未來的NSIDC模型:“這是一個(gè)非常好的數(shù)據(jù)集，”邁耶說?！岸椅覀兛隙〞紤]的?！盇：reverse“逆轉(zhuǎn)”；B：resemble“像”；C：influence“影響”；D：mtivate“激發(fā)興趣”。根據(jù)下文“And certainly ne we'll take under cnsideratin．”可推測，廢棄項(xiàng)圈的數(shù)據(jù)對NSIDC可能會產(chǎn)生影響。故選C。
VII
【答案】 healthier；studies；leads；cmpared；between；why；which；was examined；prfundly；what
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，一項(xiàng)研究表明，暴露在垃圾食品的氣味中至少兩分鐘可以降低購買垃圾食品的欲望。
【點(diǎn)評】考查語法填空，本題考點(diǎn)涉及形容詞，名詞，時(shí)態(tài)，主謂一致，非謂語動詞，介詞，表語從句，定語從句，語態(tài)，副詞，賓語從句以及固定搭配等多個(gè)知識點(diǎn)的考查，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，并結(jié)合相關(guān)語法知識，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。
111.句意：新的研究表明，暴露在垃圾食品的氣味中至少兩分鐘，實(shí)際上可以幫你選擇更健康的食物。結(jié)合語境可知，此處暗含比較之意，應(yīng)用形容詞比較級，故填healthier。
112.句意：一系列實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果，包括在一家超市和一所中學(xué)的餐廳進(jìn)行的實(shí)地研究表明與健康氣味相比，長期暴露在垃圾食品氣味中會導(dǎo)致較少的不健康食品購買量。study“研究”是可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)“at a supermarket and at a middle schl cafeteria”可知，此處不止一個(gè)研究，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填studies。
113.句意：一系列實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果，包括在一家超市和一所中學(xué)的餐廳進(jìn)行的實(shí)地研究表明與健康氣味相比，長期暴露在垃圾食品氣味中會導(dǎo)致較少的不健康食品購買量。空處是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的謂語動詞，結(jié)合主句謂語動詞shw可知，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句主語expsure是不可數(shù)名詞，從句謂語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填leads。
114.句意：一系列實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果，包括在一家超市和一所中學(xué)的餐廳進(jìn)行的實(shí)地研究表明與健康氣味相比，長期暴露在垃圾食品氣味中會導(dǎo)致較少的不健康食品購買量。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)用非謂語形式，動詞cmpare與邏輯主語expsure t junk fd smell之間是動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作狀語。故填cmpared。
115.句意：大腦不一定能區(qū)分令人愉悅的氣味和味道。結(jié)合“a pleasurable smell and taste”可知，此處指區(qū)分兩者，between…and…，固定短語，“在之間”，故填between。
116.句意：這就是為什么長時(shí)間暴露在垃圾食品的氣味中就像它實(shí)際上在你的嘴里一樣令人滿意，這反過來降低垃圾食品的消費(fèi)欲望?？仗幰龑?dǎo)一個(gè)表語從句，從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，結(jié)合句意可知，此處指“為什么”，應(yīng)用連接副詞why。故填why。
117.句意：這就是為什么長時(shí)間暴露在垃圾食品的氣味中就像它實(shí)際上在你的嘴里一樣令人滿意，這反過來降低垃圾食品的消費(fèi)欲望。空處引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是空前整個(gè)句子，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)，故填which。
118.句意：當(dāng)檢測暴露在健康食品中的氣味時(shí)，食物選擇沒有受到很大影響。主語expsure和謂語動詞examine之間是被動關(guān)系，且由主句中were可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)，從句主語expsure是不可數(shù)名詞，故填was examined。
119.句意：當(dāng)檢測暴露在健康食品中的氣味時(shí)，食物選擇沒有受到很大影響。此處修飾動詞influenced，應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填prfundly。
120.句意：其原因是，健康的食物與我們大腦中的獎(jiǎng)賞沒有聯(lián)系，因此對我們渴望的東西幾乎沒有影響?？仗幰龑?dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語，指“我們渴望的東西”，應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)。故填what。