2022高考英語一輪復習Unit4Earthquakes學案新人教版必修1

這是一份2022高考英語一輪復習Unit4Earthquakes學案新人教版必修1，共15頁。
?Unit 4 Earthquakes

(一)高頻重點詞匯分類記憶，用時少，功效高
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯·讀懂
默想下面單詞的詞性及含義，不會的在中做出標記并核對識記。
1.earthquake　　　 2.crack　　　 3.smelly
4.farmyard 5.pipe 6.event
7.dam 8.canal 9.steam
10.survivor 11.brick 12.track
13.shelter 14.outline 15.headline
16.useless
[自主核對區(qū)]
1. n．地震　2.n.裂縫；噼啪聲　vt.& vi. (使)開裂；破裂　3．a(chǎn)dj.發(fā)臭的；有臭味的　4.n. 農(nóng)場；農(nóng)家　5.n.管；導管　6.n.事件；大事　7.n.水壩；堰堤　8.n.運河；水道　9.n.蒸汽；水汽　10.n.幸存者；生還者；殘存物　11.n.磚；磚塊　12.n.軌道；足跡；痕跡　13. n．掩蔽；掩蔽處；避身處　14.n.要點；大綱；輪廓　15.n. 報刊的大字標題　16.adj.無用的；無效的；無益的
Ⅱ.核心詞匯·練通
1．burst vi. 爆裂；爆發(fā)
n. 突然破裂；爆發(fā)
2．million n. 百萬
3．rescue n．& vt. 援救；營救
4．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隱藏
5．destroy vt. 破壞；毀壞；消滅
6．damage n．& vt. 損失；損害
7．ruin n. 廢墟；毀滅
vt. 毀滅；使破產(chǎn)
8．trap vt. 使陷入困境
n. 陷阱；困境
9．electricity n. 電；電流；電學
10．disaster n. 災難；災禍
11．reporter n. 記者
12．title n. 標題；頭銜；資格
[語境活用]——根據(jù)漢語意思填寫單詞
1．The water pipe burst(爆裂), flooding the whole kitchen.
2．(2020·新高考山東卷)Millions of lives have been destroyed(破壞；毀壞) by the slow drying up of the sea.
3．(2020·江蘇卷)We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity(電)．
4．The earthquake did damage(損害) to the area where many houses fell down and many people were trapped(使陷入困境) in ruins.
5．You should never judge a book by its cover, but should you judge a story by its title(標題)?
6．With so many miners buried(掩埋) under the mine, none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest.
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯·用活
1．nation n．民族；國家；國民→national adj.民族的；國家的；國民的→nationality n．國籍
2．shock vt.& vi.(使)震驚；震動 n．休克；打擊；震驚→shocking adj.令人震驚的→shocked adj.感到震驚的
3．injure vt.損害；傷害→injury n．損害；傷害→injured adj.受傷的
4．express vt.表示；表達 n．快車；速遞→expression n．表達；表情
5．frighten vt.使驚嚇；嚇?！鷉rightened adj.受驚的；受恐嚇的→frightening adj.令人恐懼的
6．congratulate vt.祝賀→congratulation n．祝賀；(復數(shù))賀詞
7．sincerely adv.真誠地；真摯地→sincere adj.真誠的；真摯的
8．extreme adj.極度的→extremely adv.極度地
9．judge n．裁判員；法官 vt.斷定；判斷；判決→judgement n．看法，意見；判斷力；審判，判決
10．dirt n．污垢；泥土→dirty adj.臟的，骯臟的
[語境活用]——用所給詞的適當形式填空
1．(2020·新高考山東卷)The tests show that the social environment is extremely(extreme) influential when we're making decisions.
2．(2020·天津卷7月)After everyone concerned was seated, there was a ceremony of raising the national(nation) flag, which made us excited.
3．Judging from his expression on his face, he was very grateful to me. A few days later, he wrote to express his thanks to my timely help.(express)
4．Rescuers said the injured were taken to a hospital nearby, and fortunately the injuries were not serious, not life threatening.(injure)
5．After seeing the frightening film, the frightened boy was too frightened to walk home alone in the dark.(frighten)
6．(2020·新高考山東卷)Judges(judge) will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.


(二)高頻短語串記記牢用活，不枯燥，興趣高
單元短語·再現(xiàn)
1．right_away 立刻；馬上
2．think_little/nothing_of 認為……沒什么了不起
3．a(chǎn)t_an_end 結束；終結
4．in_ruins 嚴重受損；破敗不堪
5．dig_out 掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)
6．a(chǎn)_(great)_number_of 許多；大量的
7．be_proud_of_ 為……自豪
8．judge_from 從……判斷
9．be_trapped_in 陷入；被困在
10．be_buried_in 埋頭于；被埋在
[語境活用]——選用左欄短語填空
1．When the strange disease first appeared, many people thought_little_of it and didn't expect that it would spread so quickly.
2．Now the city lies in_ruins,_and there are no city services and hardly any people.
3．I'm sorry that I forgot to bring your medicine downstairs; I'll go upstairs and get it right_away．
4．The soldiers were working hard to dig_out the people who were_trapped_in/were_buried_in the fallen buildings.
5．There were a_(great)_number_of children playing on the playground when we arrived.
會積累(日積月累，聯(lián)想發(fā)散)
1.“A→A→A”式不規(guī)則動詞變化
①burst→burst→burst　 爆裂；爆發(fā)
②cost→cost→cost 花費
③put→put→put 放下
④hurt→hurt→hurt 傷害
⑤shut→shut→shut 關閉
⑥hit→hit→hit 打
⑦cut→cut→cut 砍，切
⑧set→set→set 放置
2.聚焦-ing/-ed結尾的形容詞
①
②
③
④
3.“埋頭于；專心于”的多種表達
①be buried in
②be occupied with
③be absorbed in　
④be engaged in
⑤be devoted to　
⑥concentrate/focus on
⑦apply oneself to
⑧put one's heart into
(三)重點句型仿寫背熟巧用，造佳句，表達高
背佳句
明句型
巧仿寫
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
在農(nóng)家大院里， 雞甚至連豬都緊張得不想吃食。
“too...to...”意為“太……而不能……”，表示否定意義
1.(2018·北京卷滿分作文)正如諺語所說，“活到老，學到老?！?br /> As the old saying goes，“It's never too_late_to_learn．”
It seemed as if the world was at an end！
仿佛到了世界末日！
“It seemed/seems (to sb.) that/as if...”意為“(對某人來說)似乎/好像……”
2.這套衣服看起來似乎是給他量身定做的。
It_seemed_as_if the suit was made to his own measure.
Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.
成千上萬個家庭遇難，許多孩子變成了孤兒。
“l(fā)eave＋賓語＋賓補”意為“使……處于某狀態(tài)”
3.到目前為止，地震造成約1 000人死亡，數(shù)千人受傷。
So far, the earthquake has killed about 1，000 people and has_left_thousands_injured.
All hope was not lost.
不是所有的希望都破滅了。
all...not＝not all...表示部分否定
4.并非所有的作者都贊同這種觀點。
All_authors_have_not_accepted this view.



burst　vi.(burst，burst)爆裂；爆發(fā)　n．突然破裂；爆發(fā)
[先練會]——單句語法填空/補全句子
①I was teaching foreigners to learn Beijing Opera when a group of pupils burst_in．
②He burst into the room without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.
③Reading The Emperor's New Clothes, I let out a_burst_of_laughter(一陣大笑聲) over his foolishness.
[再寫美]——補全句子/詞匯替換/句式升級
看到她的同學因為她愚蠢的錯誤哄堂大笑，她突然哭了起來。
④(普通表達)When she saw her classmates burst_into_laughter because of her foolish mistakes, she burst_into_tears.
⑤(高級表達)Seeing_her_classmates_burst_out_laughing because of her foolish mistakes, she burst_out_crying．(burst out，分詞作狀語)

(1)突然哭起來/笑起來
(2)burst in/into 闖入，突然破門而入
(3)burst with anger 勃然大怒
(4)a burst of 一陣

[佳句背誦] When the professor entered the lecture hall, there was a burst of applause.
當教授走進演講大廳時，突然爆發(fā)出一陣掌聲。
[名師點津]
(1)burst in中的in是副詞，后面不接賓語；
(2)burst into中的into是介詞，后面應接賓語。
ruin　n．[U]毀滅；毀壞；[常用復數(shù)]廢墟　vt.(使)毀壞；成為廢墟
[先練會]——單句語法填空
①A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing three years ago but ruins(ruin)．
②(北京卷)When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins(ruin)．
[再寫美]——一句多譯
他犯了一個錯誤， 這讓他失去了出國的機會。
③He made a mistake, which_ruined_the_chance of going abroad.(定語從句)
④He made a mistake, ruining_the_chance of going abroad.(分詞作狀語)


(1)lie/be in ruins 成為廢墟
be reduced to ruins 淪為廢墟
(2)ruin oneself 毀掉自己；自取滅亡
ruin one's health/fame 損害某人的健康/聲譽

[佳句背誦] No matter how famous a brand is, it can be in ruins once it betrays the trust of consumers.
無論一個品牌多有名氣，一旦辜負了消費者的信任它就有可能會毀了。
injure　vt.損害；傷害
[先練會]——單句語法填空
①The injured(injure) in the earthquake-stricken area were quickly flown out for medical treatment.
②The library is functioning as a temporary hospital to cope with people injured(injure) in the earthquake.
③The two officers were extremely lucky to escape serious injury(injure)．
[再寫美]——微寫作
④我的左腳受了重傷，不能按計劃和你一起去了。
With_my_left_foot_seriously_injured,_I can't go with you as planned.


(1)injured adj. 受傷的
get injured 受傷
the injured 傷員
(2)injury n． 傷；傷口；傷害
do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb. 傷害某人
[佳句背誦] I was wearing a seatbelt at that time. If I hadn't been wearing one, I would have been injured.　我當時系著安全帶。如果我沒有系安全帶，我就會受傷了。
bury　vt.埋葬；掩埋；隱藏；使沉浸，使專心；插入，刺入
[先練會]——單句語法填空
①(天津卷)Though buried(bury) in books these days, I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.
②He sank into a chair, burying (bury) his face in his hands.
[再寫美]——補全句子/句式升級
他埋頭看書，不知道外面在下雨。
③(普通表達)Because he buried_himself_in/was_buried_in his books, he didn't know it was raining outside.
④(高級表達)Burying_himself_in_his_books,_he was not aware it was raining outside. (現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)
⑤(高級表達)Buried_in_his_books,_he was not aware it was raining outside. (過去分詞短語作狀語)


(1) 埋頭于；專心于
(2)bury one's face in one's hands 雙手掩面

[佳句背誦] (1)She sat on the ground, buried in thought.　她坐在地上，陷入沉思。
(2)Hearing the news that his only son was killed in the war, the old man buried his face in his hands, trying to control his feelings.
聽到自己唯一的兒子在戰(zhàn)爭中犧牲的消息后，這位老人雙手掩面，試圖控制自己的情緒。
judge　vt.斷定；判斷；判決　n．裁判員；法官
[先練會]——單句語法填空
①(2018·江蘇卷)The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged(judge)．
②Judging(judge) from the above story, we can draw the conclusion that we don't judge a man by/from his looks.
③I can't make that decision for you; you will have to use your judgement(judge)．
[再寫美]——微寫作
④我寫信邀請你擔任6月15日在我們學校舉辦的英語演講比賽的裁判。
I'm writing to invite_you_to_be_a_judge_at our English Speech Contest to be held in our school on June 15.　


(1)judge...from/by...　　 從……來判斷……
as far as I can judge 據(jù)我判斷，我認為
(2)judging by/from... 從……來看
(3)judgement n. 看法；判斷力；判決

[佳句背誦] As far as I can judge, he will refuse to make a judgement about the present situation.
據(jù)我判斷，他會拒絕評價目前的形勢。
[名師點津] judging from/by意為“從……來看”，用在句首時為一個獨立成分，不受句子主語和時態(tài)的影響。
at an end　結束；終結
[先練會]——單句語法填空/補全句子
①The court has passed sentence, and the matter comes to an end now.
②At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing(apologize)．
③(2020·天津卷7月滿分作文)At_the_end_of_the_ceremony(在儀式結束時), a video about fighting against COVID-19 was released for us to watch, which moved us deeply.
[再寫美]——詞匯升級
④(普通表達)The speech contest finished. Thankfully, I ended up winning the first prize and my hard work paid off finally.
(高級表達)The speech contest was_at_an_end. Thankfully, I ended up winning the first prize and my hard work paid off in_the_end．


(1)at the end of...　　 在……盡頭，在……末端
by the end of... 到……時候為止(常與完成時態(tài)連用)
in the end 最后；終于
(2)come to an end 結束
put an end to... 結束；終結
make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵
(3)end up with 以……結束
end up doing sth. 以做某事結束

[佳句背誦] When the journey was at an end，everybody felt tired and hungry.
當旅程結束時，大家覺得又累又餓。
a (great) number of　許多；大量的
[先練會]——選詞填空/單句語法填空
①(2020·天津卷7月)The_number_of (the number of/a number of) medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and has remained around that level ever since.
②As China develops fast and steadily, a number of foreigners are_learning(learn) Chinese as a second language.
③A great deal of money was_donated(donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.
④With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are(be) being washed away.
[再寫美]——微寫作
⑤來自全國各地的大批士兵、醫(yī)生和護士被派往湖北的不同地區(qū)幫助解決困難。
A_great_number_of_soldiers,_doctors_and_nurses_from_all_over_the_country_were_sent_to different parts of Hubei Province to help out.





[佳句背誦] In addition，there are a great number of famous artists whose masterpieces will be on exhibition．
此外，許多著名藝術家的杰作將被展覽。
(全國卷Ⅱ)

“too...to...”意為“太……而不能……”，表示否定意義
(教材P26) In the farmyards the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
在農(nóng)家大院里，雞甚至連豬都緊張得不想吃食。
[先練會]——單句語法填空
①(2019·浙江卷6月) We all know that exercise is good for us
but sometimes it seems too hard to_leave(leave) the sofa.
②He was too eager to know the result of his examination.
③You can't be too careful when you do your homework.
[再寫美]——微寫作
④(2019·浙江卷6月滿分作文)沒有你的及時幫助，我不可能取得這樣的進步。我無法用語言來表達我對你的感激之情。
Without your timely help I couldn't have made such progress. No words are strong_enough_to_convey_how_grateful_I_am to you.


(1)too＋adj./adv.(for sb.) ＋to do sth.表示否定的意義，意為“太……而不能做某事”；
(2)當too...to...用來修飾表達人的態(tài)度、情緒傾向的形容詞如anxious、 eager、 glad、 happy、 pleased、 ready、 willing等時，不定式表示肯定意義；
(3)“can't/can never...too...”意為“再怎么……也不過分”；
(4)enough...to...意為“足夠……而能……”，其否定形式可與too...to...互換。

[佳句背誦] David was too nervous to give the correct answer to the question in class making him very upset.　大衛(wèi)在課堂上太緊張而不能給出這個問題的正確答案，這使他非常傷心。

“It seemed/seems (to sb.) that/as if...”意為“(對某人來說)似乎/好像……”
(教材P26)It seemed as if the world was at an end！
仿佛到了世界末日！
[先練會]——單句語法填空
①The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were(be) their own mother.
②When he saw his mother at the street corner
the boy cried sadly as if he had_been_scolded(scold) by someone else.
③He opened his mouth as if to_say(say) something.
④The tennis player is lying on the floor as if hurt(hurt) badly.
[再寫美]——微寫作
⑤我依然記得第一次去泰山旅游的事情，就像是在昨天一樣。
I still remember my first trip to the Mount Tai as_if_it_were_yesterday．

(1)如果從句所陳述的情況是真實的或極有可能發(fā)生的，從句謂語用陳述語氣；
(2)如果從句所陳述的情況是不真實的或極少可能發(fā)生的，從句謂語用虛擬語氣。①與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句謂語用一般過去時：did/were；②與過去事實相反，從句謂語用過去完成時：had done；③與將來事實相反，從句謂語用：would/could...＋do；
(3)如果as if/though引導的從句中的主語和主句的主語相同，且含有be動詞，可省略從句的主語和be動詞。
[佳句背誦] Look at the dark clouds in the sky! It seems as if it is going to rain.Let's hurry up.
看看天上的烏云！看起來要下雨了，咱們快一點兒。


all...not＝not all...表示部分否定
(教材P26)All hope was not lost.
不是所有的希望都破滅了。
[先練會]——單句語法填空/補全句子
①Nothing in the world is difficult if one sets his mind to it.
②He told me all pieces of the news but none_of_them_was_exciting(沒有一個是有趣的)．
③It's impossible for all the applicants to get the job because not_all_of_them_are_fit_for_it(并非所有的人都適合這項工作)．
[再寫美]——一句多譯
最近的一項調(diào)查顯示，并非我們學校的所有學生都在業(yè)余時間進行體育鍛煉。
④A recent survey shows that not_all_the_students_in_our_school_take_physical_exercise in their spare time.
⑤A recent survey shows that all_the_students_in_our_school_don't_take_physical_exercise in their spare time.


all...not...＝not all...，意為 “并非所有的……都……”，表示部分否定。
(1)英語中的all、 both、 every、 everybody、 everything、 completely、 always、 whole、 entirely 等與否定詞not連用，無論not位置如何，均構成部分否定，表示“并非……都……”的意思；
(2)英語中的no、 none、 never、 nobody、 nothing、 neither、 no one、 nowhere等表否定意義的詞(組)與肯定式謂語一起使用構成全部否定。
[佳句背誦] Our English teacher is excellent but she can't help everyone in the class in 45 minutes.
我們的英語老師非常棒，但是她不可能在45分鐘內(nèi)幫助班里的每一位同學。

提能訓練一　閱讀理解障礙詞
Ⅰ.語境辨義——根據(jù)語境寫出加黑詞的詞性及含義
1．(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area. v．跟蹤
2．(2019·江蘇卷)These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera. n．裂縫
3．(北京卷)She couldn't understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food. n．避身處
Ⅱ.熟詞生義——根據(jù)語境寫出加黑詞的詞性及含義
1．(全國卷Ⅱ)We were respectful of craft (技藝) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. 深入研究
2．(全國卷Ⅰ)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃點心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be careful not to go to extremes. n.極端
Ⅲ.一詞多義——根據(jù)語境選出shock的詞性及含義
A．n.令人震驚的事 B．n.休克
C．vt.使觸電 D．vt.使震驚
1．Anyone touching that wire could get badly shocked. C
2．It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children. D
3．Several of those who survived the accident have been taken to hospital in a state of shock. B
4．It was such a shock when they announced the winner was Cart. A
提能訓練二　微語法填空
短文中黑體部分為本單元核心詞匯和重點句式， 請按照要求填好短文， 并背誦體會黑體部分的用法。
One night, a big earthquake hit our city. With the pipes 1.bursting(burst) and the electricity cut off, nearly everything was destroyed and a great number of buildings lay 2.in ruins. Some citizens were badly injured, while others 3.were_buried(bury) in the ruins. It seemed as if the whole world was at 4.an end.
The next day, this event was the headline of all newspapers. The whole nation 5.was_shocked(shock) by the damage. People were moved when they read that the 6.survivors(survive)comforted each other by saying “7.Congratulations(congratulate) on your surviving！” So they not only expressed their sympathy 8.sincerely(sincere), but also organized some activities 9.to_help(help) the victims. Unluckily, not all the injured 10.were_rescued(rescue) in time and the dead had to be buried at once. Finally, with the help of the whole nation, our city returned to normal.
提能訓練三　用本單元詞匯、句式和語法知識寫滿分作文
某地發(fā)生地震后，許多互聯(lián)網(wǎng)科技企業(yè)、各大旅游網(wǎng)站和汽車公司等紛紛在第一時間加入搶險救災的行列中。請你以災區(qū)學生李華的名義給這些企業(yè)寫一封感謝信，表達你的感激之情。
1．補全要點句(黑體部分請用本單元所學詞匯)
①我寫信感謝你們及時的援助，因為沒有你們的援助我的生活就不會恢復正常。
I'm writing to express_my_thanks_for_your_timely_rescue,_because without it my life couldn't have returned to normal.
②幾天前，一場極其可怕的地震襲擊了我的家鄉(xiāng)，使得許多房屋成為廢墟并徹底毀壞了我的家。(定語從句)
A few days ago, an_extremely_frightening_earthquake_struck_my_hometown,_which_left_a_great_number_of_houses_in_ruins_and_completely_destroyed_my_house．
③我震驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)一切都被埋在了倒塌的房屋下面，于是我大哭起來。
I was_shocked_to_find_everything_buried under the fallen houses, so_I_burst_into_tears/burst_out_crying．
④似乎到了世界末日。
It_seemed_as_if_the_world_was_at_an_end.
⑤盡管你們是陌生人，但是你們竭盡全力幫助我讓我有避難處可住，有足夠的食物和水賴以存活。
Strangers as you are, you_have_done_everything_in_your_power_to_help_me_have_a_shelter_to_live_in and enough food and water to survive on.
⑥我再怎么感激你們也不為過。
I_can't_express_my_gratitude_too_much.
2．升級平淡句
⑦用“介詞＋which”引導非限制性定語從句升級句①
I'm_writing_to_express_my_thanks_for_your_timely_rescue,_without_which_my_life_couldn't_have_returned_to_normal.
⑧用分詞短語作狀語升級句③
Shocked_to_find_everything_buried_under_the_fallen_houses,_I_burst_into_tears/burst_out_crying.
3．銜接成美文(注意使用適當?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：as far as I can judge, thankfully, therefore)
One possible version：
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm writing to express my thanks for your timely rescue, without which my life couldn't have returned to normal.
A few days ago, an extremely frightening earthquake struck my hometown, which left a great number of houses in ruins and completely destroyed my house. Shocked to find everything buried under the fallen houses, I burst into tears/burst out crying. As far as I can judge, it seemed as if the world was at an end. Thankfully, strangers as you are, you have done everything in your power to help me have a shelter to live in and enough food and water to survive on. Therefore, I can't express my gratitude too much.
Yours，
Li Hua